Method of attaching closure member to filter housing

ABSTRACT

A fluid filter of the disposable automotive spin-on type has a cup-shaped member and a closure member which together form a chamber for receiving a filtering media. The cup-shaped member has a relatively thin side wall and an open end defined by a marginal edge including a bead. The closure member is a one-piece stamping of uniform thickness and substantially thicker than the cup-shaped member. The closure member closes the open end of the cup-shaped member and includes an annular rim which extends perpendicularly to the plane of the closure member and generally parallel to the side wall of the cup-shaped member. A channel defined by the rim receives the bead of the cup-shaped member and the rim is crimped to form a fluid-tight connection between the members.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 156,882, filed June 5, 1980now U.S. Pat. No. 4,314,903.

The invention relates to an automotive oil filter. The filter includes aunitary closure member which is permanently joined in fluid-tight mannerto the open end of a cup-shaped housing and which cooperates with thecup-shaped housing to form a chamber for holding filter media. Theclosure member includes openings for fluid flow communication to andfrom the filter. One of the openings is threaded and the filter ismounted by screwing it on to a threaded stem of an engine.

Filters of this type are commonly referred to as being of the spin-ontype and are used generally to filter the lubricating oil of internalcombustion engine, particularly automotive vehicle engines. A filter ofthis type is known in accordance with U.S. Pat. No. 3,231,089 toThornton in which the closure member includes two components which arefastened together. One of the components includes openings for fluidflow communication to and from the filter. One of the openings isthreaded for operatively mounting the filter. The other component of theclosure member is relatively thin, is welded to the first component, andconnects the first component to the cup-shaped outer shell of thefilter. The other component also carries a resilient sealing memberoperative upon installation of the filter to complete a closed fluidflow path through the filter.

Manufacture of filters with two-piece closure members requires theformation of the two separate closure member components and usuallyinvolves welding these components together before they are joined to thecup-shaped member. The multiplicity of forming and welding operationsnecessary to form such a closure member contributes substantially to theoverall cost of the filter.

The invention as claimed eliminates the welding operation by providing aunitary closure member, and thereby reduces the overall cost ofmanufacturing the closure member.

The advantages offered by the invention are mainly that the closuremember is a unitary or one-piece component; no welding operation isrequired in its manufacture; it is formed from a single work piece orblank which is punched from sheet material and performs all of thefunctions performed by the prior two-piece construction while affordinga reduced cost of manufacture.

Two ways of carrying out the invention are described in detail belowwith reference to drawings which illustrate only these two specificembodiments, in which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a filterembodying the features of my invention.

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view of another embodiment of myinvention with parts omitted for clarity of illustration.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are fragmentary cross-sectional views and illustratesteps in the process of making a unitary closure member according to theFIG. 1 embodiment of my invention, components having been omitted fromFIG. 5 for clarity of illustration.

FIGS. 6 and 7 are similar to FIGS. 3-5 and illustrate steps in theprocess of making a unitary closure member according to the FIG. 2embodiment, components also having been omitted from FIG. 7 for clarityof illustration.

FIG. 8 is a fragmentary plan view of a closure member and illustrates mynovel way of forming fluid flow openings therein.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view along the line 9--9 of FIG. 8.

FIG. 1 shows a filter 10 which includes an outer metal shell orcup-shaped housing 12 which has a closed end 14 and an open end 16 whichis closed by a closure member or cap generally indicated by the numeral18. The outer face 20 of member 18 carries an annular seal 22 which isreceived in an annular recess 24 and which engages with the engine onwhich the filter 10 is installed to prevent fluid from leaking at theinterface between the filter and the engine. The closure member 18 isprovided with a threaded opening 26 which may be screwed onto asupporting stem or stud carried by the engine when the filter isinstalled thereon. The opening 26 also serves as an outlet port for thefilter 10. Openings 28 are spaced circumferentially around the member 18to serve as inlet ports.

Cup-shaped member 12 and closure member 18 define a chamber 30. Anannular, cylindrical, pleated-paper filtering media 32 is received inchamber 30. The filter media 32 divides chamber 30 into a firstcompartment 34 and a second compartment 36. Filter media 32 includes acenter tube 38 and is supported by an annular spring 40 which engagesthe closed end 14 of cup-shaped member 12 and which urges media 32downward onto an annular member 42 which rests upon closure member 18.The closure member 18, the annular member 42, the cup-shaped member 12and the spring 40 cooperate to define a flow path communicating inletports 28 to compartment 36. When the engine is in operation, oil isforced through the filtering media 32 in the direction of arrow A by theengine oil pressure so that the oil is filtered as it passes through themedia 32 and is communicated to the outlet 26 via the compartment 34defined within the center tube 38.

The closure member 18 is a single stamped member of substantiallyuniform thickness and includes an annular lip 44 which surrounds theopening 26 and in which screw threads 46 are formed. A first annularrecess 48 is formed radially outwardly of opening 26 and openings 28communicate recess 48 with compartment 36. A second annular recess 24 isformed radially outwardly of recess 48 and receives the sealing member22. Because the closure member 18 is substantially uniform in thickness,the recesses 24 and 48 cause the closure member to define protrusions 50and 52, respectively, which extend opposite the recesses and into thechamber 16 of the filter.

Cup-shaped member 12 includes a relatively thin side wall 54. In orderto join the cup-shaped member and the closure member together, a bead 56is formed in the side wall 54 at the open end of the cup-shaped member.The bead 56 defines the marginal edge 58 of the cup-shaped member andalso defines a shoulder 60. The closure member 18 includes a marginaledge 62 which includes an annular rim 64 projecting perpendicular to theplane of the closure member and generally parallel to the side wall 54of the cup-shaped member. The rim 64 is substantially the same thicknessas the remainder of the closure member 18 and is, therefore,substantially thicker than the cup-shaped member 12. A channel 66 isdefined by the rim 64 and receives the bead 56 of cup-shaped member 12.The channel 66 is defined by a pair of radially projecting,circumferentially extending walls 68 and 70. An upper edge portion ofthe rim 64, which projects radially inward toward the side wall 54 ofthe cup-shaped member and which engages the shoulder 60, defines thewall 68. The lower wall 70 is defined by a portion of marginal edge 62and has an inner surface 72 which engages the marginal edge 58 of thecup-shaped member. The rim 64 is crimped so that the wall 68 tightlyengages the shoulder 60 and forces the marginal edge 58 into permanentfluid-tight engagement with the surface 72 of closure member 18.

FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of my invention, which, with theexception of features to be hereinafter explained, is the same as theFIG. 1 embodiment. Thus, the same reference numerals are used throughoutto designate analagous components or features. In the embodiment of FIG.2, the marginal edge 62 of closure member 18 includes an upturnedannular rim 64 which projects perpendicularly to the plane of closuremember 18 and generally parallel to the side wall 54 of cup-shapedmember 12 and which defines an inner cylindrical surface 74. An annularchannel 66 circumscribes the surface 74 and receives bead 56 ofcup-shaped member 12. The rim 64 includes an upper edge portion 68 whichdefines the upper wall of the channel 66. Channel 66 includes a wall 70which is opposite to wall 68 and which engages the marginal edge 58 ofcup-shaped member 12. The rim 64 is crimped so that the wall 68 tightlyengages the shoulder 60 of bead 56 and forces the marginal edge 58 ofthe cup-shaped member into fluid-tight engagement with the wall 70.

FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 illustrate steps in the process of making a unitaryclosure member 18 used in the embodiment of FIG. 1 of my invention. Itwill be understood with regard to FIGS. 3-7, that the closure member issymmetrical about a vertical center line which passes through the centerof opening 26.

FIG. 3 illustrates the closure member at an intermediate step of theprocess of manufacture and those skilled in the art will understand thatthe number is advantageously originated by cutting or punching acircular disc or blank from a sheet of material, for example, from asheet of steel. The blank will preferably have a central hole thereinand the material adjacent this hole is stamped in a directionperpendicular to the plane of the blank to form opening 26 and lip 44 inwhich threads 46 are formed. Openings 28 are formed by a punchingoperation which may include a stamping operation to form annular recess48. Annular recess 24 is formed radially outwardly from the holes 28 bya stamping operation. A bend is made in the blank at the marginal edgethereof to form what is to become wall 68 and the upper edge portion ofrim 64.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, the blank is bent or formed radially outwardlyof recess 24 to form a frustoconical shape.

An additional bend is made in the marginal edge of the blank, asillustrated in FIG. 5, between recess 24 and edge portion 68 to formannular rim 64, which is disposed substantially perpendicularly to theplane of the closure member. FIG. 5 also illustrates the positioning ofa cup-shaped member 12 in engagement at its marginal edge 58 with theinner surface 72 of closure member 18 preparatory to the joining ofthese components. Those skilled in the art will understand that thejoining of parts 12 and 18 to their FIG. 1 condition may be accomplishedby crimping or rolling or by a variety of other means which brings rim64 into fluid-tight engagement with the marginal edge 58 and with thehead 56.

FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate steps in the process of making a closure memberaccording to the FIG. 2 embodiment, which process corresponds to thepreviously described manufacturing process except as hereinafter setout. FIG. 6 illustrates a closure blank in which an annular channel 66has been stamped at the marginal edge. As with the closure memberillustrated in FIG. 1, the blank is bent or formed radially outwardly ofthe recess 24 into a frustoconical shape. An additional bend is made atthe marginal edge to form the annular rim 64. FIG. 7 illustrates acup-shaped member 12 positioned in engagement with the closure member 18preparatory to the joiniing of these parts to their FIG. 2 condition. AsFIG. 7 illustrates, the marginal edge 58 of the cup-shaped member 12rests against the wall 70 of groove 66 and supports the cup-shapedmember in proper position for crimping of the components to their FIG. 2condition.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate my novel way of forming an opening for fluidflow through a closure member 76. Member 76 may be of my novel unitarydesign or of the prior multipart type. Central opening 78 forms a partof the fluid flow path through member 76, the other part of the pathbeing formed by at least one other opening 80 which is radially spacedfrom opening 78. Openings 80 are defined by portions of closure 76 whichlie on either side of slits 82, which communicate through the materialfrom which the closure is made, from one surface thereof to the other.One of the portions 84 is, in part, displaced in a directionperpendicular to the plane of the closure a distance greater than theclosure material thickness to define an opening 80, as is best viewed inFIG. 9.

The use of a filter having a unitary closure member according to myinvention corresponds exactly with known filters and no furtherexplanation to those skilled in the art is deemed necessary.

I claim:
 1. The method of making an oil filter housing comprising thesteps of providing a cup-shaped housing member having a side walldefining an open end, said open end having a marginal edge defining theopening into said cup-shaped member, forming a bead at the marginal edgeof said cup-shaped member, providing a closure member for the open endof said cup-shaped member, said closure member defining a marginal edge,the marginal edge of said closure member being of substantially the samethickness at the rest of said closure member, the thickness of saidclosure member being substantially greater than the thickness of saidside wall of the cup-shaped member, bending said marginal edge into anannular rim, forming an annular bead-receiving cavity in said rim,installing the bead on the marginal edge of said cup-shaped member intosaid cavity, bending said rim into permanent engagement with said beadwhile maintaining the thickness of said rim of said closure membersubstantially equal to the thickness of the rest of the closure memberand substantially greater than the thickness of said side wall.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein said bead-receiving cavity is formed bycutting a circumferentially extending groove in said marginal edgecircumscribing said closure member before said marginal edge is bent toform said rim.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said bead-receivingcavity is formed by bending a portion of said rim so that it extendsparallel to the plane of the closure member and projects inwardly towardthe center of the latter.